2006년 6월 25일. 세계가 깜짝 놀랄 일이 벌어졌다.
세계 2위의 갑부인 워런 버핏이 자신의 재산을 자선단체에 기부하기로 했다고 발표한 것이다.
그것도 자신의 이름을 딴 재단을 설립하는 것도 아니고, 재산의 대부분을 세계 1위 갑부인
빌 게이츠가 운영하는 재단에 기부해 버렸다. 마치 얼마 안 되는 푼돈인 것처럼.
2만 원(20달러) 이하 스테이크를 먹고, 지난 1958년 사들인 3,000만 원짜리(3만 1,000달러) 집에 살면서,
그의 전 재산 440억 달러의 85퍼센트에 달하는 374억 달러를 기부하는 커다란 결정을 내렸다.
환율을 1,000원으로만 계산해도 37조 원이 넘는 돈이다. 세계 역사상 개인 기부로는 사상 최대 규모다.
워런 버핏이 이런 결정을 내린 것은 당시 미국 대통령인 조지 부시가 추진하던
상속세 폐지 법안에 반대하는 차원이었다.
그는 뉴욕시립도서관에서 열린 기부 약정식에서 상속세 폐지 시도를 ‘혐오스러운 행위’로 규정했다.
또한 상속세는 매우 공정한 세금이며 기회 균등이라는 이상을 지키기 위해서도 필요하다고 역설했다.
이후 조지 부시의 상속세 폐지 노력은 수포로 돌아갔다.
우리 정부는 상속세 한계세율 50퍼센트를 33퍼센트까지 낮추려는 계획을 계속 추진한다는 입장이다.
이런 상속세 인하의 논리적 근거로는 대만이 50퍼센트 세율을 10퍼센트로 낮췄다는 것,
높은 상속세로 기업가 정신이 살아나지 못하고 있다는 것, 가업 승계를 할 수 있도록 해줘야 한다는 것,
상속세율이 높은 나라는 조세 회피로 인한 자본 이탈 때문에 견디기 힘들 것이라는 등의 주장을 제시하고 있다.
워렌 버핏이 옳을까, 우리 정부가 옳을까
미국의 워런 버핏이 맞는 것일까, 우리 정부가 맞는 것일까?
그 해답을 찾기란 참으로 어렵다. 양쪽 다 맞는 답일 수도 있기 때문이다.
경제적 측면에서 보면 ‘가업을 잇는다’라든지 ‘기업가 정신이 살아나지 못한다’라든지 하는 말에도 명분이 있다. 우리나라 정서상 열심히 일해서 기업을 일구었는데 상속세 다 내고 나면 남의 회사가 되어버릴 판이니
그런 주장을 할 만도 하다.
사진:경향닷컴
자본시장 개방이 이렇게 진전된 경제 체제에서 상속세가 너무 높으면 조세를 피하기 위해 자본 이탈이
가속화될 수 있다.
상속세가 없는 나라에 페이퍼 컴퍼니Paper Company(실질적 영업은 하지 않고 조세 회피 등 특정 목적을
위해서 설립된 회사로 서류상으로만 존재)를 만들어서 상속해 버리면 그만이다. 그렇게 될 경우 국내 자본이나 세금이 해외로 이탈하는 문제가 발생한다.
또한 세율을 낮추면 그만큼 조세 면탈 유인이 낮아지기 때문에 불법적으로 세금을 안 내는 경우가 줄어들어
세금이 더 걷힌다는 주장도 있다.
균등한 기회 vs 조세 회피로 인한 자본이탈
반면 워런 버핏이 말하는 균등한 기회라는 주장도 참으로 지당한 말이다.
상속세 없이 세대 간 유산 상속이 이루어진다면, 부의 세습이 일어난다.
이렇게 되면 부자의 자식은 대를 이어서 영원히 부자이고, 가난한 사람의 자식은 평생 어둠의 자식이
될 수밖에 없다. 물론 여러 가지 이유로 중간에 자리 이동이 있겠지만 그런 경우는 미미할 것이다.
부자들은 자식에게 부를 물려주면서 그것을 지킬 방법을 대대로 전수할 것이기 때문이다.
이렇게 부가 세습되는 사회가 과연 제대로 유지될 수 있을까?
이에 대한 해답은 사회와 경제 구조가 공존하기 위한 조건, 즉 우리 사회의 가치관을 어디에 둘 것인가의
문제로 귀결된다. 특히 자본주의가 인류의 역사 이래 최고조로 발달한 시점에서 우리 사회에 어떠한 가치관이
필요한지에 대한 대답이 필요하다.
<계속..>
▶ 1 회 : 한국을 잡아먹는 4가지 개미지옥
▶ 2 회 : 첫번째 개미지옥, '사교육'
▶ 3 회 : 강남 아줌마의 속마음에 감춰진 것은?
▶ 4 회 : 개천에서 용이 나지 않게 된 원인
▶ 5 회 : 94학번, 어느 저주 받은 학번의 고백
▶ 6 회 : 취업의자 앉기놀이, 나는 즐겁지 않다.
▶ 7 회 : 안정 극단주의에 빠진 대한민국
▶ 8 회 : 지는 MBA, 뜨는 MFA. 그 이유는 바로 이것!
▶ 9 회 : 연봉으로 아파트 한 평도 못 사는 나라
▶ 10 회 : 젊은 사람들이 월세에 살면서 고급차를 모는 이유
▶ 11 회 : 대한민국에서 세입자로 산다는 것
▶ 12 회 : 요즘 서울에는 빈민촌이 없다.
▶ 13 회 : 살 수도, 살지 않을 수도 없는 서울
▶ 14 회 : 40-50대의 자화상
▶ 15 회 : 노인을 위한 나라는 없다
▶ 16 회 : 90살까지 살면 어떻게 하지?
▶ 17 회 : 열심히 일하기만 하면 되나요?
▶ 18 회 : 괜찮은 일자리'가 없다
▶ 19 회 : 워킹푸어, 일을 해도 가난하다
▶ 20 회 : 일자리 줄이는 대기업 위주 정책
▶ 21 회 : 붕괴된 중산층을 돌려놔주세요
▶ 22 회 : 작은 부자가 되고 싶다
▶ 23 회 : 코리안 드림은 어디로 갔는가
▶ 24 회 : 우리나라에도 자유시장이 존재하는가?
▶ 25 회 : 나라가 대기업에 의존하는 세상
▶ 26 회 : 무너져 버린 중소기업, 지금 필요한 것은 무엇일까?
댓글 '28'
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