이명박 대통령이 저출산 대책에 대해서 강조한 것은 한국적이면서 동양적인 사고다.
프랑스라든가, 북유럽이라든가 하는 선진국들의 사례와는 별개의 새 정책이 필요하다고 했다.
'출산 후 초등학교 입학 전까지의 육아는 나라가 전적으로 지원을 해주어야 한다'
라는 의견에 대해 이 대통령이 고개를 갸웃거리며 의문을 제기한 이유는 그랬다.
'사회문화적 환경과 여러 배경이 다르기 때문에 선진국과 그대로 갈 수는 없다.
한국적이고 동양적인 사고에서 우리가 할 수 있는 방법이 있을 것이다.'
반복해서 말하지만, 한국 출산율은 1.19명, 세계 꼴찌 2등의 성적이다. 서울은 1.01명. 역대 최저치다.
출산율이 이 추세로 계속 감소된다면 미래 국가경쟁력에 큰 위기가 아닐 수 없다.
이 시국에 이 대통령은 초등학교 입학연령을 한 살 낮추는 방안을 제시했다. 선진국과 사회문화와 배경이 다른 한국이 택한 대책이다. 정부의 보육비 부담은 줄이면서 가족과 친족 공동체에게도 1년의 부담이 주는 것이니, 돈 한 푼 안드는 문제해결을 제시한 셈이다.
이 대통령의 생각은 이미 정책에 반영돼 있었다.
지난 2006년 참여정부 때, '새로마지 플랜'을 통해 2012년까지 국·공립보육시설을 전체 보육시설 대비 30% 수준으로 늘리겠다고 발표한 바 있었으나 이명박 정부 이후 이 계획은 사실상 백지화됐다.
하긴, 이명박 대통령의 출산에 대한 생각은 한결같았다.
지난 6월, '아이낳기 좋은세상 운동본부' 출범식 축사에 그는
"옛말에 '아이는 자기 먹을 것을 갖고 태어난다'고 했는데, 저 자신도 생각해 보면 그 말이 맞는 것 같다. 아이가 많으면 많은대로, 적으면 적은대로 다 자기 것이 있다"
라고 육아의 책임은 개인 및 친족공동체에 있음을 못 박았었다.
그래서일까, 국·공립보육시설분야 예산이 계속 줄고 있다. 2009년 211억 원에 달했던 예산은 2010년 94억 원이 편성됐다. (국·공립보육시설 설립비용은 국가 50%, 시 25%, 자치구 25% 비율로 충당하게 돼 있다.)
국가예산이 117억원이나 줄어들자 예산이 부족한 지자체는 보육시설 확충보다는 개·보수를 택했다. 2009년 현재 국·공립보육시설은 전체 3만 3000여개 중 5.5%인 1826개다.
이명박 대통령은 저출산 문제해결에 적극적이다. 그러나 국민들이 원하는 것과는 인식이 많이 다르다.
곽승준 대통령직속 미래기획위원회 위원장은 “저출산 문제는 아이를 낳는 비용이 아이가 가져다 주는 행복보다 더 크다는 사회적 인식에 가장 큰 문제가 있다”면서 “이 같은 인식이 바뀔 수 있도록 정부는 종합적인 전략을 마련하고 있다”고 말하며 한국적이면서 동양적인 사고를 재차 강조했다.
정부에서 내놓은 저출산대책 추진원칙 세 가지는 다음과 같다.
2. 여성의 양육부담 완화를 위한 가족중심적 사회환경을 조성한다.
3. 인적자원 확충 및 역량강화를 통한 성장잠재력을 확충한다.
확실히 유럽식 모델과는 많이 다르다. 한국적이고 동양적인 모델인지는 잘 모르겠다. 누구의 모델인가가 중요한 것은 아니다.
중요한 것은,
과연 대한민국 국민들이 인식이 부족해서 아이를 낳지 않는 것일까에 대한 고민의 부재다.
저출산대책이 저소득층에서 중산층 위주로 옮겨가면서 저출산대책 예산은 사실상 삭감되었다. 돈 없으면 애를 낳지 말라는 얘기로 들린다. 그리고 그것이 문제의 핵심이다.
출산 및 양육에 대해 개인 혹은 가정 차원의 책임이 전적으로 강조되는 현 사회에서 아이를 낳고 기른다는 것은 엄청난 경제적인 부담을 의미한다.
정부가 가족정책에 쓰는 재정 지출 규모는 국내총생산(GDP) 대비 0.3%로 OECD 30개국 중 꼴찌다. 이 수치는 OECD 평균(2.1%)의 1/7이고, 2번째로 GDP 대비 가족정책 재정지출 비율이 적은 미국(0.6%)의 절반 수준이다.
이렇게 가족정책 예산이 줄게되면 결국 가정에서 할 수 있는 선택은 두가지다.
전업주부가 되거나, 출산을 포기하거나.
그리고 대다수의 국민들은 두번째를 선택하고 있다.
댓글 '8'
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